This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Russian language using a language-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Russian Language” [Ref-LGR-ru-Cyrl], for details, see Change History below.
Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.
All references converge on 33 Cyrillic code points (23 + 10 as defined by RFC 5992 [130]).
There is an IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices for Russian by .ru (Russia cctld) [700]. There are other new Cyrillic TLDs created in Russia, but they all use the same repertoire as .ru.
In Russian, the acute accent may be used as a stress mark on the vowel of a syllable or to disambiguate between minimal pairs. However, it is restricted to dictionaries and educational materials. See Stress and Disambiguation in [ACUTE].
Four code points: U+0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I, U+0463 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT, U+0473 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA, and U+0475 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA were abolished from use in 1918; therefore they are not in modern use.
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
U+0463 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT
U+0473 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA
U+0475 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA
U+0430 U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+0435 U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+0438 U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+043E U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+0443 U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+044B U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+044D U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+044E U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU WITH ACUTE ACCENT
U+044F U+0301 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA WITH ACUTE ACCENT
None.
Any code points outside the Russian Language repertoire that are targets for out-of-repertoire variants would be included here only if the variant is listed in this file. In this case they are identified as a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. Whether or not they are listed, they do not form part of the repertoire.
There are no variants defined between Cyrillic letters.
No ASCII Variants: Note that this LGR does not contain definitions for “blocked” variants for letters that look indistinguishable from ASCII letters (homoglyphs). If concurrent use of LDH labels is desired, the resulting conflicts can be handled by using the “Common LGR” in processing. For details, see Section 3, “Use of Multiple Reference LGRs in the Same Zone” in [Level-2-Overview].
Note: a study of the variant relationship concerning U+0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE and U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO was undertaken in the context of Russian by a Cyrillic case study team in [CYRILLIC-VIP]. The expert team concluded: “...even if relationships between these two characters might look as variant-like, they are not symmetrical and these two letters are not considered equivalents in Russian language." (page 5, section 3.1)
This LGR does not define named character classes.
By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.
This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].
Variant-related actions included to facilitate integration as appropriate.
The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the Russian Language was developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, including input by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Language tag has been updated.
Unicode Version has been updated.
This version modifies the Second Level Reference LGR for the Russian Language [Ref-LGR-ru-Cyrl] by injecting the complete (maximal) set of cross-repertoire variants, including any imposed by transitivity. Injected variants are marked by special comments. Any character classes, context and WLE rules required for testing are also imported. In all other respects, description or annotations have not been updated to reflect the injected variants. Any LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked. All modifications are carried out mechanically; there may be an occasional context rule or similar that is injected because its definition relates to some repertoire element even though it can never be triggered by any label valid under the modified LGR.
General references for the language:
Barry, Randall K. 1997. ALA-LC romanization tables: transliteration schemes for non-Roman scripts. Washington: Library of Congress Cataloging Distribution Service. ISBN 0-8444-0940-5
Timberlake, Alan. 1993."Russian", in Bernard Comrie & Greville G. Corbett, eds. The Slavonic languages. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-04755-2
Смирницкий, А И. 1989. Русско-английскиѝ словарь = Russian-English dictionary. Москва: Русский язык. ISBN 5-200-00-718-6
Other references cited in this document:
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules. For more details, see the Table of References below.
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