This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Italian language using a language-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Italian Language” [Ref-LGR-it-Latn], for details, see Change History below.
Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.
Most references converge on 38 Latin code points.
There is no IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices by a .it ccTLD, however, the investigation of the registration policy reveals that the registry permits a rather exhaustive set of Latin, Greek and Cyrillic code points. This makes it not suited for narrowing down the preferred code points for an LGR for the the Italian language.
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
U+00E1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
U+00E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE
U+00E4 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
U+00E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
U+00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE
U+00EB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
U+00F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE
U+00F5 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE
U+00F8 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE
U+00FC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
U+00FF LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
The five letters ‘j’, ‘k’, ‘w’, ‘x’ and ‘y’ are not part of the alphabet proper for Italian. However, they are included here as part of the core repertoire because of their use in representing loan words, place and brand names and other common uses such as “www” in domain names.
A number of letters not considered essential to writing the core vocabulary of the language are nevertheless in common use. Where they have not been added to the core repertoire, they are flagged as “extended-cp” in the table of code points. A context rule is provided that by default will prohibit labels with such extended code points. To support extended single code points or code point sequences, delete the context “extended-cp” from their repertoire definition.
In particular, any vowels with circumflex, other than U+00EE LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX are used rarely and have been marked as extended.
No variants are applicable when using the LGR in a standalone fashion.
This LGR does not define named character classes.
By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.
This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].
The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the Italian Language was developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, including input by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Language tag has been updated.
Unicode Version has been updated.
This version modifies the Second Level Reference LGR for the Italian Language [Ref-LGR-it-Latn] by injecting the complete (maximal) set of cross-repertoire variants, including any imposed by transitivity. Injected variants are marked by special comments. Any character classes, context and WLE rules required for testing are also imported. In all other respects, description or annotations have not been updated to reflect the injected variants. Any LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked. All modifications are carried out mechanically; there may be an occasional context rule or similar that is injected because its definition relates to some repertoire element even though it can never be triggered by any label valid under the modified LGR.
General references for the language:
Rebora, Piero. 1967. Cassell’s Italian dictionary: Italian-English English-Italian. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. ISBN 0-308-10020-4
Wikipedia: “Italian orthography”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_alphabet
Omniglot: “Italian (italiano)” https://www.omniglot.com/writing/italian.htm
Reference on registration policy for .it ccTLD:
Registro.it, Linee Guida tecniche, Versione 2.1, November 3, 2014 https://www.nic.it/sites/default/files/docs/Linee_Guida_Tecniche_Sincrone_v2.1_0.pdf
Other references cited in this document:
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules. For more details, see the Table of References below.
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