This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Danish language using a language-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Danish Language” [Ref-LGR-da-Latn], for details, see Change History below.
Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.
Most references converge on 31 (29 + 2) Latin code points. In addition to the 29 letters of the alphabet proper, these include two letter used as part of the proper spelling of certain words: U+00E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE and U+00FC LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS. Both occur in spelling dictionaries and especially the former is used in many ordinary words. The repertoire here adds U+00E4 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS and U+00F6 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS, both of which are used in neighboring Sweden and Germany. Finally, the use of all three code points with diaresis, alone or together with code points from the core Danish alphabet such as U+00F8 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE is not uncommon in family names. All three are available on Danish keyboards.
There is no IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices by .dk ccTLD, but the registry provides IDN information [700].
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
U+00E0 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
U+00E1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
U+00E2 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+01FB LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE
U+00E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
U+00E8 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
U+00EA LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00EB LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
U+00ED LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
U+00EE LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00EF LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
U+00F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH
U+00F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE
U+00F3 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
U+00F4 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00F9 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
U+00FA LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
U+00FB LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00FD LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
U+00FE LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN
U+00FF LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
U+0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
U+01FD LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE
U+01FF LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE
The above list includes code points for languages like Faroese, which are written in territories associated with the country of Denmark, but that are not part of the Danish language.
Also excluded is U+00DF which is used in German, a minority language in Denmark. While it is supported in existing IDN practice [700], to correctly address it would require mitigating the complication from use of “ss” as a common fallback. See the discussion of “fallback variants” in Second Level Reference Label Generation Ruleset for German (de) [Ref-LGR-de].
None.
No variants are applicable when using the LGR in a standalone fashion.
This LGR does not define named character classes.
By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.
This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].
The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the Danish Language was developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, including input by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Language tag has been updated.
Unicode Version has been updated.
This version modifies the Second Level Reference LGR for the Danish Language [Ref-LGR-da-Latn] by injecting the complete (maximal) set of cross-repertoire variants, including any imposed by transitivity. Injected variants are marked by special comments. Any character classes, context and WLE rules required for testing are also imported. In all other respects, description or annotations have not been updated to reflect the injected variants. Any LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked. All modifications are carried out mechanically; there may be an occasional context rule or similar that is injected because its definition relates to some repertoire element even though it can never be triggered by any label valid under the modified LGR.
General references for the language:
Dansk sprognævn. 1996. Retskrivningsordbogen. 2. udgave. København: Aschehoug. ISBN 87-11-10000-1
Dansk sprognævn, in Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992. Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1
Wikipedia: “Danish orthography”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_alphabet
Sproget.dk, published in Danish as a co-operation between Kulturministeriets institutioner for sprog og litteratur, Dansk Sprognævn (DSN) and Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab (DSL). Section under “Råd og regler”, “Retskrivningsregler”, “Bogstaverne”, https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/retskrivningsregler/retskrivningsregler/a7-1-6/a7-1-bogstaverne
Københavns Universitet (University of Copenhagen), Names in Denmark, Research into names https://names.ku.dk/research_into_names/ accessed on 2023-05-01
Omniglot: Danish (dansk) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/danish.htm
Other reference cited in this document:
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules. For more details, see the Table of References below.
]]>